We discuss a method for helping users find better prices in online markets with personalized pricing. We will discuss how trading might benefit users and under what circumstances trading is likely to occur.
We audit different online platforms to determine how differential pricing affects users. By generating different user profiles, we observe how some customers are charged higher prices than others because of their browsing histories.
We investigate the effect of Lipschitz continuity on the transferability of adversarial examples. We observe that while decreasing the Lipschitz constant makes each model of the ensemble individually more robust, it increases the transferability rate among them which in turn hinders the overall ensemble robustness. To resolve this adverse effect, we introduce our novel training paradigm, Layer-wise Orthogonalization for Training rObust enSembles (LOTOS), which orthogonalizes the corresponding affine layers of the models with respect to one another.
Controlling the largest singular value of linear layers, which is the same as the largest singular value of their Jacobians, not only contributes to the generalization of the model but makes the model more robust to adversarial perturbations. Convolutional layers are a major class of implicitly linear layers that are used in many models in various domains. We present efficient algorithms for computing the spectrum of these layers and clipping their spectral norm.
